Cystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, remedies, remedies for cystitis

Among many urological diseases, cystitis in women is the most common pathology.The etymology is a consequence of damage to the upper mucous layer of the inner walls of the bladder by an inflammatory process.Sometimes the submucous and muscle layer is involved in the damage process, causing changes in the structure of the organ tissue and disrupting its functions.

Women suffer from cystitis much more often (up to 80% of all patients).This is due to the peculiarity of the female anatomical structure of the urethral canal.It is wider and shorter than the male urethra, which does not create difficulties for infectious agents.

The clinical picture of the disease can manifest itself in an acute or chronic course, with different symptoms and signs.

Causes of cystitis

Cystitis itself belongs to the classification of infectious diseases.Its genesis is associated with bacterial carriers: coliform bacteria (in 70%), spherical staphylococcus and other bacteria.The main role in the development of cystitis in women is played by the spread of infection from possible lesions in the body:

• In the basic organs (various forms of vulvovaginitis);
• The descending path with the flow of urine from the focus of inflammation in the kidneys and upper parts of the ureter;
• Hematogenously promoting pathogens (through the bloodstream).

Often, acute cystitis in women develops as a result of structural underdevelopment of the urinary system or oncological neoplasms, which create an obstacle to the normal process of urine excretion, contribute to its acute retention in the urinary system and the development of infection.

The development of pathology is influenced by various factors that contribute to the reduction of the overall resistance (resistance) of the immune system:

• Acute and chronic infectious diseases in the anamnesis (previously overcome) - inflammation of the appendages, fallopian tubes or ovaries, acute or purulent pyelonephritis, inflammation of the urethra;
• Hypothermia and long-term sedentary work;
• Conditions and diseases that reduce immune protection (pregnancy and diabetes);
• Chronic foci of infection - sore throats, rhinitis or caries;
• Immunosuppressive drugs, stress and instability of the nervous system;
• Back injuries;
• Early sexual relations;
• Neglect of hygiene;
• The age factor.

Forms of cystitis and characteristics of manifestation

Cystitis in women can manifest itself in different forms, due to morphological changes on the wall of the bladder cavity.

• Catarrhal pathology is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane of the organ, caused by the action of the inflammatory process.
• In the hemorrhagic form, bleeding areas of damage appear on the mucosa.There is an increase in red blood cells and gross hematuria (dark or red urine).
• In the necrotic (ulcerative) form, there are deep depressions in the form of grooves that penetrate the muscle tissue of the membrane.
• The follicular form of the disease is characterized by the tuberosity of the mucous layer, caused by the formation of follicular tubercles under the mucosa, which do not change the surface of the cavity itself.
• Fibrous appearance - the surface of the mucous layer is covered with purulent or fibrin film of whitish or purple color.The walls of the bladder become inflamed, the upper lining of the cavity becomes thicker and wrinkled.
• Bullous cystitis is manifested by prolonged excessive redness and significant accumulation of infiltrates (swelling) of the upper layer of the inner lining of the bladder.
• The polyposis manifestation is characterized by a long-term inflammatory process that causes the development of polyps on the mucous layer and in the cervical region of the organ.
• In cystic pathology, individual or group cystic neoplasms, filled with lymphatic tissue and surrounded by modified epithelium, are formed under the lining of the urinary bladder.
• The encrusting type of pathology is characterized by a long course.A characteristic symptom is the formation of phosphate deposits (excrustation) on the walls of the bladder cavity, which subsequently contribute to the formation of stones.The transformation of carbamide (urea) into alkali occurs due to the error of bacterial microorganisms capable of metabolism.

Signs and symptoms of cystitis in women

Vivid symptoms of cystitis and pronounced signs of the disease in women are observed in acute cases, accompanied by general intoxication (weakness, weakness, chills, vomiting or nausea, slight increase in temperature).

When the disease, after remission (apparent recovery), periodically recurs (more than 2 times a year), it passes into the chronic phase.Symptoms of chronic cystitis in women may be less pronounced.

Inflammatory processes alternate with the stage of remission and acute clinical course.Cystitis in remission does not show external signs and symptoms.When the disease worsens, many characteristic symptoms appear:

1. Increased urge to urinate (every 20 minutes);
2. Pain, burning and stinging along the urethral tract during urination;
3. Pain in the suprapubic area (can be an independent symptom or accompany the release of urine);
4. Unpleasant smell and turbidity of urine, formation of scales, purulent or blood clots in it;
5. Sensation of residual urine in the urine bag;
6. Pain in the lumbar and renal region;
7. Enuresis (urinary incontinence) may develop.

Chronic cystitis in womenhas different signs of the clinical course of the disease.

• The latent course is stable, with rare or frequent exacerbation processes.Symptoms are "erased" or completely absent.
• The persistent type is manifested by symptoms characteristic of chronic pathology.In this case, the functions of the urinal are not impaired.Alternating remission and exacerbation are possible signs of internal bleeding.
• The interstitial course is characterized by stable painful signs of manifestation with significantly expressed symptoms.The spread of inflammation deep into the tissues, disruption of the reservoir function (enuresis) occurs.This is the most severe type of disease.

With timely treatment, the disease can be resolved quickly, otherwise complications cannot be avoided.

Possibility of complications

Lack of treatment or incorrectly selected therapy leads to recurrence and complications of the disease:

1. The transition of inflammatory processes to the muscle structure of the bladder wall - the development of interstitial type of pathology.
2. The upward spread of the infection, affecting the upper organs of the urinary system, which contributes to the creation of accompanying background pathologies - damage to the renal pelvis, purulent inflammation of the kidneys, etc.
3. Intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder (not excluded) with subsequent formation of peritonitis.

Cystitis - which doctor should a woman see?

If signs of the disease appear, you must contact a urologist to confirm the diagnosis.It is this doctor who solves urological problems.

To exclude the consequences of sexually transmitted diseases, you should consult a gynecologist.You may need a swab of the vaginal flora, which will help you recognize the disease and determine its stage of development.

Diagnostics - disease identification

Different types of diagnostic examinations are used to identify diseases, from express diagnostics to conventional examination methods, including:

• examination of blood and urine parameters;
• identification of hidden inflammatory processes in the urinary system;
• diagnosis of infectious diseases using PCR analysis;
• sowing in the tank for flora - detection of UPM (bacteria);
• identification of basic diseases - ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• analysis for vaginal dysbiosis;
• biopsy;
• endoscopic examination of the inner cavity of the urinary bladder (cystoscopy).

How to treat cystitis in women?- drugs and medicines

How quickly cystitis in women can be cured depends on a properly composed treatment protocol.Treatment tactics include various therapeutic techniques.

Drug therapy includes the prescription of appropriate antibiotics for chronic cystitis in women to combat accompanying infections - the cephalosporin class and combinations of protected penicillins.

They are prescribed immediately, without waiting for the identification of the pathogen, with subsequent adjustment of the drugs.

The main treatment is tableting.When treating cystitis in women, tablets are prescribed to relieve symptoms.These include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, antispasmodics and uroseptics based on nitrofuran and sulfonamides.Antispasmodics and natural uroseptics (herbs, herbs, etc.) can be prescribed as additional treatment.

Specific drugs are prescribed exclusively individually.Because many of them have a number of contraindications and restrictions on their use.Treatment will be complete if you follow a gentle regimen and a balanced diet, because nutrition plays an important role.

• it is necessary to drink more liquids (non-carbonated water, juices);
• more foods containing vitamin C;
• exclude from the diet smoked meat, spices, fried food, dishes rich in potassium (dishes made of cottage cheese, cheese and milk);
• Alcohol is not allowed.

Measures for the prevention of cystitis

To prevent the recurrence of the disease, you must strictly follow the doctor's recommendations.Basic rules:

• avoid hypothermia and prolonged sitting;
• consumes up to 1.5 liters.fluids per day;
• avoid stagnation of urine (do not resist the urge);
• use protection methods during intimacy;
• do not neglect personal hygiene (especially during the menstrual cycle).

Following these simple rules will protect you from re-treatment of the disease.